The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Unsupervised domain adaptation reduces the reliance on data annotation in deep learning by adapting knowledge from a source to a target domain. For privacy and efficiency concerns, source-free domain adaptation extends unsupervised domain adaptation by adapting a pre-trained source model to an unlabeled target domain without accessing the source data. However, most existing source-free domain adaptation methods to date focus on the transductive setting, where the target training set is also the testing set. In this paper, we address source-free domain adaptation in the more realistic inductive setting, where the target training and testing sets are mutually exclusive. We propose a new semi-supervised fine-tuning method named Dual Moving Average Pseudo-Labeling (DMAPL) for source-free inductive domain adaptation. We first split the unlabeled training set in the target domain into a pseudo-labeled confident subset and an unlabeled less-confident subset according to the prediction confidence scores from the pre-trained source model. Then we propose a soft-label moving-average updating strategy for the unlabeled subset based on a moving-average prototypical classifier, which gradually adapts the source model towards the target domain. Experiments show that our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance and outperforms previous methods by large margins.

Pandemic(epidemic) modeling, aiming at disease spreading analysis, has always been a popular research topic especially following the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2019. Some representative models including SIR-based deep learning prediction models have shown satisfactory performance. However, one major drawback for them is that they fall short in their long-term predictive ability. Although graph convolutional networks (GCN) also perform well, their edge representations do not contain complete information and it can lead to biases. Another drawback is that they usually use input features which they are unable to predict. Hence, those models are unable to predict further future. We propose a model that can propagate predictions further into the future and it has better edge representations. In particular, we model the pandemic as a spatial-temporal graph whose edges represent the transition of infections and are learned by our model. We use a two-stream framework that contains GCN and recursive structures (GRU) with an attention mechanism. Our model enables mobility analysis that provides an effective toolbox for public health researchers and policy makers to predict how different lock-down strategies that actively control mobility can influence the spread of pandemics. Experiments show that our model outperforms others in its long-term predictive power. Moreover, we simulate the effects of certain policies and predict their impacts on infection control.

Recent 3D-based manipulation methods either directly predict the grasp pose using 3D neural networks, or solve the grasp pose using similar objects retrieved from shape databases. However, the former faces generalizability challenges when testing with new robot arms or unseen objects; and the latter assumes that similar objects exist in the databases. We hypothesize that recent 3D modeling methods provides a path towards building digital replica of the evaluation scene that affords physical simulation and supports robust manipulation algorithm learning. We propose to reconstruct high-quality meshes from real-world point clouds using state-of-the-art neural surface reconstruction method (the Real2Sim step). Because most simulators take meshes for fast simulation, the reconstructed meshes enable grasp pose labels generation without human efforts. The generated labels can train grasp network that performs robustly in the real evaluation scene (the Sim2Real step). In synthetic and real experiments, we show that the Real2Sim2Real pipeline performs better than baseline grasp networks trained with a large dataset and a grasp sampling method with retrieval-based reconstruction. The benefit of the Real2Sim2Real pipeline comes from 1) decoupling scene modeling and grasp sampling into sub-problems, and 2) both sub-problems can be solved with sufficiently high quality using recent 3D learning algorithms and mesh-based physical simulation techniques.

尖峰神经网络（SNN）是一种具有生物学知识的模型，具有高计算能力和低功耗的优势。虽然对深SNN的培训仍然是一个空旷的问题，但它限制了深SNN的现实应用。在这里，我们提出了一个名为Spiking SiamFC ++的深SNN架构，用于对象跟踪，并通过端到端直接培训。具体而言，Alexnet网络在时间域中扩展以提取该功能，并采用替代梯度功能来实现对深SNN的直接监督培训。为了检查尖峰SiAMFC ++的性能，考虑了几种跟踪基准测试，包括OTB2013，OTB2015，Dot2015，Dot2016和UAV123。发现与原始的siAMFC ++相比，精度损失很小。与现有的基于SNN的目标跟踪器相比，例如暹罗（Siamsnn），提议的Spiking SiamFC ++的精度（连续）达到了85.24％（64.37％），远高于52.78％（44.32％）的精度（64.37％）。 。据我们所知，Spiking SiamFC ++的性能优于基于SNN的对象跟踪中现有的最新方法，该方法为目标跟踪领域中的SNN应用提供了新的路径。这项工作可能会进一步促进SNN算法和神经形态芯片的发展。

我们提出了一种新颖的隐式表示 - 神经半空间表示（NH-REP），以将歧管B-REP固体转换为隐式表示。 NH-REP是一棵布尔树木，建立在由神经网络代表的一组隐式函数上，复合布尔函数能够代表实体几何形状，同时保留锐利的特征。我们提出了一种有效的算法，以从歧管B-Rep固体中提取布尔树，并设计一种基于神经网络的优化方法来计算隐式函数。我们证明了我们的转换算法在一千个流形B-REP CAD模型上提供的高质量，这些模型包含包括NURB在内的各种弯曲斑块，以及我们学习方法优于其他代表性的隐性转换算法，在表面重建，尖锐的特征保存，尖锐的特征保存，尖锐的特征，，符号距离场的近似和对各种表面几何形状的鲁棒性以及由NH-REP支持的一组应用。

人类机器人互动（HRI）的研究旨在建立人与机器人之间的紧密而友好的沟通。在以人为中心的HRI中，实施成功有效的HRI的一个重要方面是建立自然而直观的互动，包括口头和非语言。作为一种普遍的非言语沟通方法，在我们的日常生活中，手势和手臂手势沟通无处不在。基于手势的HRI的大量工作散布在各种研究领域。但是，仍然缺乏对基于手势的HRI作品的系统理解。本文旨在对基于手势的HRI进行全面审查，并专注于该领域的高级发现。遵循刺激和生物反应框架，该综述包括：（i）产生人类手势（刺激）。 （ii）机器人识别人类手势（有机体）。 （iii）机器人对人手势的反应（反应）。此外，本综述总结了框架中每个元素的研究状态，并分析相关工作的优势和缺点。在最后一部分中，本文讨论了有关基于手势的HRI的当前研究挑战，并提供了未来的方向。

在这项工作中，我们研究了基于价值的深钢筋学习（DRL）中简单但普遍适用的奖励成型案例。我们表明，线性转换形式的奖励转移等同于更改函数近似中$ q $ function的初始化。基于这样的等价性，我们带来了关键的见解，即积极的奖励转移会导致保守的剥削，而负面的奖励转移会导致好奇心驱动的探索。因此，保守的剥削改善了离线RL价值估计，乐观的价值估计改善了在线RL的勘探。我们验证了对一系列RL任务的见解，并显示了其对基准的改进：（1）在离线RL中，保守的剥削可根据现成的算法提高性能； （2）在在线连续控制中，具有不同转移常数的多个值函数可用于应对探索 - 诠释困境，以提高样品效率； （3）在离散控制任务中，负奖励转移可以改善基于好奇心的探索方法。

这是Parse2022 Challenge最终结果中第9位的技术报告。我们通过使用基于3D CNN网络的两阶段方法来解决肺动脉的分割问题。粗模型用于定位ROI，并使用精细模型来完善分割结果。此外，为了提高细分性能，我们采用了多视图和多窗口级方法，同时我们采用了微调策略来减轻不一致的标签影响。

供应链平台（SCP）为下游行业提供了许多原材料。与传统的电子商务平台相比，由于用户兴趣有限，SCP中的数据更为稀疏。为了解决数据稀疏问题，可以应用跨域建议（CDR），从而通过源域信息提高目标域的建议性能。但是，将CDR应用于SCP，直接忽略了SCP中商品的层次结构，从而降低了建议性能。为了利用此功能，在本文中，我们以餐饮平台为例，并提出了图形跨域推荐模型GRES。该模型首先构造了树状图，以表示菜肴和成分不同节点的层次结构，然后应用我们提出的Tree2Vec方法将GCN和BERT模型组合到嵌入图中以嵌入图表以获取建议。商业数据集上的实验结果表明，GRES在供应链平台的跨域建议中明显优于最先进的方法。